Formulation of Curcuma zanthorrhiza (Temulawak) Extract Nanoparticles as a Sunscreen and Antioxidant Cream

Abstract

Curcuma xanthorrhiza (temulawak) rhizome extract is rich in curcuminoids and xanthorrhizol, compounds with considerable potential as antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and natural sunscreens. However, the topical application of these bioactives is constrained by their hydrophobic nature, poor aqueous solubility, and low bioavailability. This study aimed to develop a nanoparticle-based delivery system for temulawak extract as a cosmeceutical innovation to optimize its topical efficacy. Common synthesis approaches employ either top-down or bottom-up techniques, including solvent–antisolvent precipitation or ionic gelation using polymers such as chitosan–TPP, producing particles within the nanoscale range (e.g., <100 nm). The resulting nanoparticles are subsequently formulated into gel or cream preparations. The findings indicate that nanoparticle formulation improves physical stability and significantly enhances the biological effectiveness of the extract. Temulawak extract nanoparticles incorporated into topical formulations demonstrate superior antioxidant activity, an optimal Sun Protection Factor (SPF), and enhanced antibacterial inhibition as an anti-acne agent compared with the crude extract. In conclusion, nanotechnology represents a critical innovation that effectively addresses the inherent limitations of temulawak, positioning it as a natural ingredient with superior potential for topical sunscreen and antioxidant applications.